{"id":3374,"date":"2016-04-30T11:34:23","date_gmt":"2016-04-30T08:34:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gulfopinions.com\/ar\/?p=3374"},"modified":"2017-12-03T14:19:09","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T11:19:09","slug":"%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%81%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%b3%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%ab-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%b4%d8%a9-%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gulfopinions.com\/ar\/?p=3374","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 ” \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639 “"},"content":{"rendered":"

About Prof. David Smith<\/a>\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 .<\/p>\n

Prof. David Horton Smith<\/p>\n

Research and Emeritus Professor of Sociology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, USA;<\/p>\n

Honorary Visiting Professor in Sociology, School of Health Sciences,<\/p>\n

University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK (2014+);<\/p>\n

Honorary Visiting Professor, Centre for Studies of Civil Society and the<\/p>\n

Nonprofit Sector, National Research University;<\/p>\n

\u00a0Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation (2013+);<\/p>\n

Honorary Visiting Professor, School of Arts and Sciences,<\/p>\n

City University London, London, UK (2016+)<\/p>\n

Visiting Scholar, NGO Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (2011+);<\/p>\n

US Government Fulbright Commission Senior Specialist Award Grantee and Distinguished Visiting Lecturer (2010-2014);<\/p>\n

Editor-in-Chief, Voluntaristics Review, new academic journal of survey\/review articles to be published by Brill Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands, and Boston, MA, USA (2014+);<\/p>\n

First Co-Editor, Brill [Publishers] Nonprofit Sector Research [Book] Series (2014+);<\/p>\n

Founder (2010+), President and CEO, ICSERA, the International Council of Voluntarism, Civil Society, and Social Economy Researcher Associations Inc.; a 501(c)(3) Non-Profit Organization registered in Florida, USA;<\/p>\n

Founder (in 1971) and first President, ARNOVA, the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action; Founder & first Editor of NVSQ.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>EDUCATION<\/strong><\/p>\n

California Institute of Technology (1956-57); Dean\u2019s Honor List each Freshman semester and awarded Freshman Honors; Major fields: Mathematics, then Astronomy; University of Southern California (1958-1960); A.B., 1960, Magna cum laude with three full majors in Sociology, Psychology and Philosophy; Phi Beta Kappa and Phi Kappa Phi honorary societies, among others (3.99 GPA at USC for 4 years of coursework done in 2 \u00bd years); Harvard University (1960-1965); A.M., 1962; Ph.D., 1965, in Sociology, with Coursework Distinction, from the interdisciplinary Department of Social Relations.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pre-Retirement Positions<\/em>: Research Fellow in the Harvard Center for International Affairs (February 1965 to September 1966 and Summer of 1967); Lecturer on Sociology in the Department of Social Relations, Harvard University (February 1965 to July 1966).\u00a0 Assistant Professor of Sociology and Co-Director of the Laboratory for Organizational Research, Department of Sociology, University of Southern California (1966-68).\u00a0 Associate Research Professor, and Director of the Program on Voluntary Participation in the Urban World, Institute of Human Sciences, Boston College (September 1968-January 1973); Director of Research, Center for a Voluntary Society, Washington, D.C. (September 1970 to August 1974). Associate Professor of Sociology, Boston College, 1968-75; Professor of Sociology, Boston College, 1976 (Sept. 1)-2004 (May 31).\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Post-Retirement Positions:<\/em> Granted Emeritus Professor status and Research Professor status by Boston College after retirement 6\/01\/04 as a full-time faculty member; Founder and CEO of David Horton Smith International LLC (Consulting; 2008+); US Fulbright Commission Senior Specialist Distinguished Lecturer (2010-2014); Senior Research Consultant, United Nations Volunteers, SWVR Project, Bonn, Germany, 2010-2011; Honorary Visiting Professor of Non Profit Research, Cass Business School, City University London, London, UK (2010-2013); Academic Director and Senior Visiting Research Fellow, Center on Philanthropy, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (2012); Honorary Visiting Professor of Voluntaristics and Community Engagement, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, 2013-2014; Distinguished Visiting Professor of Nonprofit Management, Capital University of Business and Economics, Beijing, China (2012-2014). (See other, current Honorary Professorships at top.)<\/p>\n

HONORS AND COMPETITIVE FELLOWSHIPS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Awarded membership in Phi Beta Kappa (as a Junior) and Phi Kappa Phi honorary societies at USC (plus three other honorary societies); awarded Woodrow Wilson Honorary Fellowship (1960) and National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship (1960-63) in national competitions; Co-recipient of 1975 national Hadley Cantril Memorial Award (for outstanding US book contribution in the behavioral and social sciences); recipient of ARNOVA (Lifetime Achievement) Award for Distinguished Contribution to Nonprofit and Voluntary Action Research (1993); bio entries in Marquis’ Who’s Who in the World (18th Edition, 2001+) and Who’s Who in America (54th Edition, 2000+); bio entry as one of 139 outstanding contributors to civil society\/nonprofit sector worldwide for all of human history in the International\u00a0 Encyclopedia of Civil Society<\/em> (Springer: 2010). Nearly 6,000 citations by other scholars to my publications listed in Scholar.Google.com.<\/p>\n

BOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cull, John G. and Richard E. Hardy, eds. 1974. Volunteerism: An Emerging Profession<\/em>. Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas. (David H. Smith is the Major Contributor, who wrote 76 of 192 pages of the main text—about 40%).<\/p>\n

Inkeles, Alex, and David H. Smith. 1974. Becoming Mode<\/em>rn. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.\u00a0 [Also Portuguese translation edition in Brazil, 1974, and two different Chinese translation editions, 1981 and 1992.]\n

Inkeles, Alex, with David H. Smith, Karen A. Miller, Amar K. Singh, Vern L. Bengtson, and James J. Dowd. 1983. Exploring Individual Modernity<\/em>. New York: Columbia University Press.<\/p>\n

Leigh, Robert, David H. Smith, Cornelia Giesing, Maria Jos\u00e9 Le\u00f3n, Debbie Haski-Leventhal, Benjamin J. Lough, Jacob M. Mati, and Sabine Strassburg. 2011. 2011 State of the World\u2019s Volunteerism Report: Universal Values for Global Well-Being.<\/em> Bonn, Germany: United Nations Volunteers.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1973a. Latin American Student Activism: Participation in Formal Volunteer Organizations<\/em>. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., ed. 1973b. Voluntary Action Research: 1973<\/em>. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., ed. 1974. Voluntary Action Research: 1974. The Nature of Voluntary Action Around the World.<\/em> Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1976. Citizen Participation in Water Quality Control: A Nationwide Evaluation of the Impact of EPA Supported Water Quality Workshops.<\/em> Washington, D.C.: National Technical Information Service.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2000. Grassroots Associations<\/em>. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Chinese translation edition by Prof. Jiangang ZHU is in press (2015).<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2016a.\u00a0 A Survey of Voluntaristics: Research on the Growth of the Global, Interdisciplinary, Socio-behavioral Science Field and Emergent Inter-discipline. <\/em>Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. (forthcoming) 2016b. Method in their Madness: Developing an Empirically Supported Theory of Deviant Voluntary Associations.<\/em> Bradenton, FL: David Horton Smith International.<\/em><\/p>\n

Smith, David H. (forthcoming) 2016c. S-Theory (Synanthrometrics) as \u201cThe Theory of Everyone\u201d—A Proposed New Standard Human Science Model of Behavior, Especially Pro-Social Behavior. <\/em>\u00a0<\/em>Bradenton, FL: David Horton Smith International LLC.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. (forthcoming) 2016d. The \u201cDark Energy\u201d of the Nonprofit Sector: <\/em><\/p>\n

Noxious, Dissenting, and Eccentric Types of Deviant Voluntary Associations, Their Impacts, and How They Work. <\/em>Bradenton, FL: David Horton Smith International.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., Winifred Conley, Harvey Silver, Barbara Marsh, Cathy Orme, and David Glasker. 1974. Voluntary Transnational Cultural Exchange Organizations of the U. S.: A Selected List.<\/em> Washington, DC: Center for a Voluntary Society.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Smith, David H., and Fred Elkin, eds. 1981. Volunteers, Voluntary Associations, and Development<\/em>. Leiden: E. J. Brill.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., Jacqueline Macaulay and Associates. 1980. Participation in Social and Political Activities.<\/em> San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., Jacob M. Mati, and Grace L. Chikoto, eds. (ms. in progress) 2017. The Nonprofit Sector, Civil Society, and Philanthropy in Sub-Saharan Africa<\/em>. Leiden, Netherlands, and Boston, MA, USA: Brill.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., Alisa V. Moldavanova, and Svitlana Krasynska, eds. (contracted; forthcoming) 2016. The Nonprofit Sector in Eastern Europe, Russia, and Central Asia: Civil Society Advances and Challenges. <\/em>Leiden, Netherlands, and Boston, MA, USA: Brill Publishers.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., Frank Penna, Cathy Orme, and others. 1974. Voluntary Sector Policy Research Needs<\/em>. Washington, DC:\u00a0 Center for a Voluntary Society.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., and Richard D. Reddy. 1971. Voluntary Action and Social Problems.<\/em><\/p>\n

Journal of Voluntary Action Research Monograph, Whole No. 2.<\/em><\/p>\n

Smith, David H., Richard D. Reddy and Burt R. Baldwin, eds. 1972. Voluntary Action Research: 1972<\/em>. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., Robert A. Stebbins, and Michael Dover. 2006. A Dictionary of Nonprofit Terms and Concepts<\/em>. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. Chinese translation edition by Prof. Xinye WU, 2016: Beijing, China: Peking University Press.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., Robert A. Stebbins, and Michael Dover. (contracted; forthcoming) 2017. A Dictionary of Nonprofit Terms and Concepts<\/em>, revised edition. <\/em><\/strong>Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., Robert A. Stebbins, and Jurgen Grotz, eds. (in press, 2016). Palgrave Handbook of Volunteering, Civic Participation, and Nonprofit Associations<\/em>. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., and Nancy Theberge. 1987. Why People Recreate: An Overview of Research.<\/em>\u00a0 Champaign, Ill.:\u00a0 Life Enhancement Publications.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., Frans Verhagen, Burt R. Baldwin, and William Chittick.\u00a0 1978. Role of U.S. NGOs In International Development Co-Operation.<\/em>\u00a0 Paper No. 9, Series on Non-Governmental Organizations [NGOs] in International Co-Operation for Development, edited by Berhanykun Andemicael. New York: UNITAR, United Nations.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., and Jon Van Til, with Dan Bernfeld, Victor Pestoff, and David Zeldin, eds. 1983. International Perspectives on Voluntary Action Research.<\/em> Washington, DC: University Press of America.<\/p>\n

SELECTED ARTICLES AND BOOK CHAPTERS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Baer, Doug, Lionel Prouteau, David Swindell, Aida Savicka, David H. Smith, and Kuang-Ting Tai. (in press) 2016. <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u201cConducive Macro-Contexts Influencing Volunteering.\u201d Chapter 26 in Palgrave Handbook of Volunteering, Civic Participation, and Nonprofit Associations<\/em>, edited by D.H. Smith, R. A. Stebbins, and J. Grotz. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.<\/p>\n

Bekkers, Ren\u00e9, Sara Konrath, and David H. Smith. (in press) 2016. \u201cPhysiological Correlates of Volunteering.\u201d Chapter 25 in in Palgrave Handbook of Volunteering, Civic Participation, and Nonprofit Associations<\/em>, edited by D.H. Smith, R. A. Stebbins, and J. Grotz. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.<\/p>\n

Bengtson, Vern L., James J. Dowd, David H. Smith, and Alex Inkeles, A. 1975. \u201cModernization, modernity, and perceptions of aging: A cross-cultural study.\u201d Journal of Gerontology<\/em>, 30<\/em>(6), 688-695.<\/p>\n

Eng, Sharon, David H. Smith, et al. \u201cCrime, Misconduct, and Dysfunctions in and by Associations.\u201d Chapter 53 in D. H. Smith, R. A. Stebbins, and J. Grotz, eds. (in press) 2016. Palgrave Handbook of Volunteering, Civic Participation, and Nonprofit Associations<\/em>. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.<\/p>\n

Guo, Chao, Jun Xu, David H. Smith, and Zhibin Zhang. 2012. \u201cCivil Society, Chinese Style: The Rise of the Nonprofit Sector in China.\u201d Nonprofit Quarterly,<\/em> Fall: 20-27.<\/p>\n

Harris, Bernard, Andrew Morris, Richard S. Ascough, Grace L. Chikoto, Peter R. Elson, John Mc Loughlin, Martti Muukkonen, Tereza Posp\u00ed\u0161ilov\u00e1, Krishna Rokal, David H. Smith, Andri Soteri-Proctor, Anastasiya Tumanova, and Pengjie Yu. (in press) 2016. \u201cHistory of Associations and Volunteering.\u201d Chapter 1 in the Palgrave Handbook of Volunteering, Civic Participation, and Nonprofit Associations, <\/em>edited by D. H. Smith, R. A. Stebbins, and J. Grotz. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.<\/p>\n

Ostrander, Susan, and David H. Smith. 2004. “Introduction” [to Supplemental Issue of NVSQ <\/em>on Community and Grassroots Associations and Organizations]. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly<\/em> 33 (3), 3S-7S.<\/p>\n

Robinson, John P. and David H. Smith. 2016 (forthcoming). \u201cDeciphering Trends in American Volunteering.\u201d College Park, MD: University of Maryland, Dept. of Sociology, unpublished paper submitted for editorial review.<\/p>\n

Schuman, Howard, Alex Inkeles, and David H. Smith. 1967.”Some Social Psychological Effects and Non-Effects of Literacy,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, <\/em>16(1):1-14<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1966a. “A Psychological Model of Individual Participation in Formal Voluntary Organizations: Application to Some Chilean Data,” American Journal of Sociology<\/em>, 72: 249-266.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1966b. “The Importance of Formal Voluntary Organizations for Society,” Sociology and Social Research<\/em>, 50: 483-92.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1966c. “Research Note: Comparison of Self-Reported Participation in Formal Voluntary Organizations with Ratings of Participation Given by Leaders,” Rural Sociology<\/em> 31(3): 362-65.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., and Alex Inkeles. \u00a01966. “The OM Scale: A Comparative Socio-Psychological Measure of Individual Modernity,” Sociometry <\/em>[now the Social Psychology Quarterly<\/em>], 29(4):353-377.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1967. “A Parsimonious Definition of ‘Group’: Toward Conceptual Clarity and Scientific Utility,” Sociological Inquiry<\/em>, 37:141-168.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1969. “Evidence for a General Activity Syndrome: A Survey of Townspeople in Eight Massachusetts Town and Cities.” Pp. 453-4 in Proceedings of the 77th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association,<\/em> Vol. 4.\u00a0 Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., and Richard F. McGrail. 1969. “Community Control of Schools: A Review of Issues and Options.” Urban and Social Change Review<\/em>, 3(1):1-9.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1972a. “Major Analytical Areas of Voluntary Action Theory and Research: Version 2.” Journal of Voluntary Action Research <\/em>[now Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly<\/em>], 1( 1): 6-19.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1972b. “Modernization and the Emergence of Volunteer Organizations,” International Journal of Comparative Sociology,<\/em> 13: 113-134.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1972c. “Organizational Boundaries and Organizational Affiliates.” Sociology and Social Research<\/em>, 56(4): 494-512.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1972d. “Ritual in Voluntary Association,” Journal of Voluntary Action Research <\/em>[now Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly<\/em>], 1(4):39-53.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1972e. “Types of Volunteers and Voluntarism.” Volunteer Administration<\/em>, 6(3):3-10.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1972f. “What are Non-Governmental Organizations, Voluntary Associations, or Voluntary Groups?” International Associations<\/em>, 24:\u00a0 612-620.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1972g. “Research and Communication Needs in Voluntary Action,” Occasional Paper No. 2<\/em>,<\/u> Center for a Voluntary Society Occasional Paper Series, 1972.\u00a0 Also published in John Cull and Richard Hardy, eds., Volunteerism: An Emerging Profession,<\/em> Springfield, Ill.: C.C. Thomas, 1974: 111-186.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., Richard D. Reddy, and Burt R. Baldwin. 1972. \u201cTypes of voluntary Action: A definitional essay.\u201d Pp. 159-195 in Voluntary Action Research: 1972,<\/em> edited by D. H. Smith, R. D. Reddy, and B. R. Baldwin. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1973a. “Information Systems for the Voluntary\/NGO Non-Profit Sector,”<\/p>\n

International Associations, <\/em>25: 608-611.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1973b. “Modernization and the Emergence of Voluntary Organizations.” Pp. 49-73 in Voluntary Action Research: 1973<\/em>, edited by David H. Smith. Lexington, Mass.:\u00a0 Lexington Books, D.C. Heath.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1973c. “Voluntarism and Socio-Economic Development,” Journal of Voluntary Action Research <\/em>[now Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly<\/em>], 2 (3): 156-160.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., Mary Seguin, and Marjorie Collins.\u00a0 1973 “Dimensions and Categories of Voluntary Organizations\/NGOs.” Journal of Voluntary Action Research<\/em> [now Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly<\/em>], 2 (2):116-120.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. with John Dixon. 1973. \u201cThe Voluntary Society.\u201d Pp. 202-227 in Challenge to Leadership,<\/em> edited by Edward C. Bursk, New York: Free Press.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1975. “Voluntary Action and Voluntary Groups,” Annual Review of Sociology<\/em>, 1: 247-70.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H, and Burt R. Baldwin. 1975. “Parental Influence, Socioeconomic Status, and Volunteer Organization Participation Journal of Voluntary Action Research <\/em>[now Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly<\/em>], 3(3-4): 59-66.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1976. “Off Target Again – A Response to Schnaiberg,” The<\/em> School Review<\/em>, 84(2): 300-307.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1979a. “Political Psychology and the Proliferation of Interdisciplinary Fields in the Social-Behavioral Sciences–Part One,” Political Psychology<\/em> 1(2): 106-112.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1979b. “The Diversity of Transnational Associations and NGOs: Variations according to structural-functional types,” Transnational Associations<\/em> 31(6): 245-249.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. and Barbara L. Smith. 1979a. “NGO Operational Tasks and Problems, A Checklist for Improving Efficiency and Effectiveness, Part One.” Transnational Associations<\/em> 31(3):12-17.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Smith, David H. and Barbara L. Smith. 1979b. “NGO Operational Tasks and Problems.\u00a0 Part Two.” Transnational Associations<\/em> 31(4):29-35.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. and Barbara L. Smith. 1979c. “NGO Operational Tasks and Problems.\u00a0 Part Three.” Transnational Associations<\/em> 31(5):50-57.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1980. “The Impact of the Voluntary Sector on Society.” Pp. 2.1-2.12 in Tracy Connors, ed., The Nonprofit Organization Handboo<\/em>k. New York: McGraw-Hill. [Also included in 2nd<\/sup> edition, 1988.]\n

Smith, David H. 1980. “Political Psychology and the Proliferation of Interdisciplinary Fields in the Social-Behavioral Sciences–Part Two,” Political Psychology<\/em> 2 (1): 85-92.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., Burt R. Baldwin, and William O. Chittick. 1980. “U.S. Transnational Voluntary Organizations and International Development,” International Journal of Comparative Sociology<\/em>, 21(3-4): 10-25.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., and Fred Elkin. 1980. “Volunteers, Voluntary Organizations, and Development: An Introduction,” International Journal of Comparative Sociology,<\/em> XXI(3-4): 1-9.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1981. \u201cAltruism, Volunteers, and Volunteerism.\u201d Journal of Voluntary Action Research<\/em> [now, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly<\/em>] 10(1):21-36.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1982. “Fundamental Intrinsic Duality, Social Scientific Debates, and the Nature of Psychosocial Modernity: A Reanalysis and Reply to Rau and Others,” American Sociological Review<\/em> 47: 690-693.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1983. “Churches are generally ignored in contemporary voluntary action research: Causes and consequences,” Review of Religious Research<\/em> 24 (4): 295-303. [Note: Printed identically in two journals because of its importance to the two Editors.]\n

Smith, David H. 1983. “Synanthrometrics: On Progress in the Development of a<\/p>\n

General Theory of Voluntary Action and Citizen Participation.” Pp. 80-94 in D. H. Smith, J. Van Til, et al., eds., International Perspectives on Voluntary Action Research.<\/em> Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1983.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., and Burt R. Baldwin. 1983. “Voluntary Organization Prevalence in the States of the U.S.A.: Presentation and a Test of the Revised Smith Model” pp. 50-62 in D. H. Smith and J. Van Til, et al., eds. International Perspectives on Voluntary Action Research.<\/em> Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1983.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., and Karl Pillemer. 1983. “Self Help Groups as Social Movement Organizations: Social Structure and Social Change,” Pp. 220-233 in Louis Kriesberg, ed., Research in Social Movements, Conflicts, and Change: A Research Annual, <\/em>Vol. 5, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1984. “Churches are generally ignored in contemporary voluntary action research:\u00a0 causes and consequences,” Journal of Voluntary Action Research <\/em>[now Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly<\/em>], 13, 4:11-18. [Note: Printed identically in two journals because of its importance to the two Editors.]\n

Smith, David H. 1985. “Attracting volunteers and staffing shrinking programs,” Pp. 225-251 in G. Tobin, ed., Planning and Social Service Delivery in the Voluntary Sector.<\/em>\u00a0 Westport, CT:\u00a0 Greenwood Press.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1986. “Outstanding Local Voluntary Organizations in the 1960’s: Their Distinguishing Characteristics,” Journal of Voluntary Action Research<\/em> [now Nonprofit and <\/em><\/p>\n

Voluntary Sector Quarterly<\/em>], 15 (3): 24-35.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1990. “Voluntary Inter-Cultural Exchange and Understanding Groups: The Roots of Success in U.S. Sister City Programs.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology<\/em>, XXXI (3 &4): 177-192.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. and Burt R. Baldwin. 1990. “Voluntary Group Prevalence Among the U.S. States:\u00a0 Factors Affecting the Distribution of Intercultural Understanding Groups (Sister City Programs).”\u00a0 International Journal of Comparative Sociology<\/em>, 31 (1-2): 79-85.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1991a. \u201cFour Sectors or Five? Retaining the Member-Benefit Sector.\u201d Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly<\/em> 20:137-150.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1991b. “Student Applications of Social Psychology in Introductory Social<\/p>\n

Psychology Classes.” Teaching Sociology<\/em>, 19(2):193-199.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1992a. \u201cA Neglected Type of Voluntary Nonprofit Organization: Exploration of the Semiformal, Fluid-Membership Organization.\u201d Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly<\/em> 21(3): 251-69.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1992b. “Encouraging Student Participation in Large Classes: A Modest<\/p>\n

Proposal,” Teaching Sociology, <\/em>20 (4):337-339. [ Part of a special issue entitled “20 Great Ideas for Teaching Sociology.”]\n

Smith, David H. 1992c. \u201cNational Nonprofit, Voluntary Associations: Some Parameters.\u201d Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly<\/em> 21(1):81-94.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1993a. \u201cPublic Benefit and Member Benefit Nonprofit, Voluntary Groups.\u201d Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly<\/em> 22(1):53-68.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1993b. “The Field of Nonprofit and Voluntary Action Research: Then and Now.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterl<\/em>y. 22(3): 197-200.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1994a. “Determinants of Voluntary Association Participation and Volunteering:\u00a0 A Literature Review.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Q<\/em>uarterly. 23(3): 243-64.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1994b. “Some Understudied Nonprofit Research Topics: The 1994 ISTR<\/p>\n

Conference and Beyond.”\u00a0 Voluntas<\/em> 5(3), 1994: 349-58.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1995a. “Democratic Personality.” Pp. 941-43 in The Encyclopedia of Democracy.\u00a0 <\/em>Volume 3, Seymour Martin Lipset, ed. Washington, D.C.:\u00a0 Congressional Quarterly Books.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1995b. “Some Challenges in Nonprofit and Voluntary Action Research.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly.<\/em>\u00a0 24: 99-101.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., and Michael A. Malec. 1995. “Learning Students\u2019 Names in Sociology Classes: Interactive Tactics and Who Uses Them.” Teaching Sociology.<\/em> 23(3): 280-286.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1996a. “Developing a More Interactive Classroom: A Continuing Odyssey.” Teaching Sociology<\/em>, 24: 64-75.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1996b. “Improving the International Classification of Nonprofit Organizations.” Nonprofit Management and Leadership<\/em> 6 (3): 317-24.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1996c. “Teaching a Course in Deviant Groups: A Neglected Side of Deviance.” Teaching Sociology, <\/em>24, 177-188.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. and Ce Shen. 1996. “Factors Characterizing the Most Effective Nonprofits Managed by Volunteers,” Nonprofit Management and Leadership<\/em>, 6 (3), 1996: 271-89.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1997a. \u201cGrassroots Associations Are Important: Some Theory and a Review of the Impact Literature.\u201d Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly<\/em> 26(3): 269-306.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1997b. \u201cThe International History of Grassroots Associations.\u201d International Journal of Comparative Sociology<\/em> 38(3-4): 189-216.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1997c. \u201cThe Rest of the Nonprofit Sector: Grassroots Associations as the Dark Matter Ignored in Prevailing ‘Flat-Earth’ Maps of the Sector.\u201d Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly<\/em> 26:114-131.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1998. “Negative Social Capital and Deviant Voluntary Groups.” International Conference on Social Capital. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 1999a. \u201cResearching Volunteer Associations and Other Nonprofits: An Emergent Interdisciplinary Field and Possible New Discipline.\u201d The American Sociologist<\/em> 30 (4):5-35.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1999b. “The Effective Grassroots Association, I:\u00a0 Organizational Factors that Produce Internal Impact.”\u00a0 Nonprofit Management & Leadership<\/em>, 9(4): 443-56.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 1999c. “The Effective Grassroots Association, II: Organizational Factors that Produce External Impact.” Nonprofit Management & Leadership,<\/em> 10(1):103-116.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 2001. \u201cThe Impact of the Voluntary Sector on Society.\u201d Pp. 79-87 in The Nature of the Nonprofit Sector,<\/em> edited by J. Steven Ott. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. and Ce Shen. 2002. \u201cThe Roots of Civil Society: A Model of Voluntary Association Prevalence Applied to Data on Larger Contemporary Nations.\u201d International Journal of Comparative Sociology<\/em>, 42(2): 93-133.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2003. \u201cA History of ARNOVA\u201d Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly<\/em>, 32(3): 458-472.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 2004. \u201cGrassroots Association.\u201d Pp. 211-215 in D. Burlingame, Ed., Philanthropy in America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia.<\/em>\u00a0 Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2010a. “Grassroots Associations.” Pp. 804-810 in Helmut K. Anheier, Stefan Toepler, and Regina List, eds., International Encyclopedia of Civil Society.<\/em> New York: Springer.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 2010b. \u201cMembership and Membership Associations.\u201d Pp. 982-990 in Helmut K. Anheier, Stefan Toepler, and Regina List, eds., International Encyclopedia of Civil Society.<\/em> New York: Springer.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 2011a. \u201cForeword.\u201d [On Deviance and Misconduct in the Nonprofit Sector.] Pp. vii-xviii in Christopher Corbett, Advancing Nonprofit Stewardship Through Self-Regulation: Translating Principles into Practice<\/em>. Sterling, VA: Kumarian Press.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 2011b. “Urban-Suburban Hierarchical Dominance and Associational Prevalence in Eight Massachusetts Communities: Re-examining Data from the 1960s.” 2011. China Third Sector Research,<\/em> 1:105-109. [Text in Chinese; References & Abstract in English.].<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 2013a. \u201cExplaining the Prevalence of Voluntary Associations Among 351 Massachusetts Municipalities Circa 1965: Testing a Theory.\u201d China Nonprofit Review<\/em> (English edition), 5:177-193.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 2013b. \u201cGrowth of Research Associations and Journals in the Emerging Discipline of Altruistics.\u201d Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly <\/em>42(4): 638-656.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2013c. \u201cTrends in the Internal Structures, Processes, and Activities of Grassroots and Supra-Local Associations in the Past 200 Years in Western Nations.\u201d Civil Society in Russia and Beyond <\/em>4(4): 37-40.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2014a. \u201cAn Interdisciplinary Theory of Individual Volunteering and Why So Few Researchers Have Tested It.\u201d Civil Society in Russia and Beyond <\/em>(English translation of journal name, published in Russian), 5(2):35-42.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2014b. \u201cS-Theory: Explaining Individual Human Behavior.\u201d [In Russian, in the Russian language journal] \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0420\u0410\u041d<\/em><\/a> [Journal of Psycholinguistics]<\/em>, #22(4):139-157.<\/h3>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 2014c. \u201cThe Current State of Civil Society and Volunteering in the World, the USA, and China.\u201d China Nonprofit Review<\/em> (English edition), 6(1): 137-150.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 2014d. \u201cThe Global Spirit of Philanthropy and Altruism: Meanings, Experiences, and Some Biological Roots.\u201d China Nonprofit Review<\/em> (English edition), 6(2):<\/p>\n

177-196.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., and Dan Sundblom. 2014. \u201cGrowth of Research-Information Centers, University Departments, and Schools\/Colleges in the Emerging Discipline of Voluntaristics-Altruistics.\u201d Paper presented at the Annual Conference of ARNOVA, Denver, CO, November 21-23.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2015a. \u201cS-Theory as a Comprehensive Explanation of Formal Volunteering: Testing The Theory of Everyone<\/em> on Russian National Sample Interview Data.\u201d Paper presented at the annual Conference of ARNOVA, Chicago, IL, USA, November 19-21. Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, Department of Sociology, unpublished paper submitted for editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2015b. \u201cVoluntary Associations, Sociology of.\u201d Pp. 252-260 in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences,<\/em> 2nd ed., Vol. 25. J. D. Wright, Editor-in-Chief. Oxford, UK: Elsevier.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2015c. \u201cVoluntary Organizations.\u201d Pp. 261-267 in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences,<\/em> 2nd ed., Vol. 25. J. D. Wright, Editor-in-Chief. Oxford, UK: Elsevier.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2016a. \u201cA Survey of Voluntaristics: Research on the Growth of the Global, Interdisciplinary, Socio-Behavioral Science Field and Emergent Inter-Discipline.\u201d Voluntaristics Review: Brill Research Perspectives <\/em>1(2):1-81.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2016b. \u201cEditorial Introduction.\u201d Voluntaristics Review: Brill Research Perspectives <\/em>1(1):VII-IX.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2016c. \u201cEditorial Introduction.\u201d Voluntaristics Review: Brill <\/em><\/p>\n

Research Perspectives <\/em>1(3):1-2.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2016d. \u201cEditorial Introduction.\u201d Voluntaristics Review: Brill <\/em><\/p>\n

Research Perspectives <\/em>1(4): 1-3.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. (in press) 2016e. \u201cPreface\u201d to Chinese translation edition of D. H. Smith, R. A. Stebbins, and M. A. Dover. A Dictionary of Nonprofit Terms and Concepts<\/em>. [Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2006]. Chinese translation edition by Prof. Xinye WU: Beijing, China: Peking University Press.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. (forthcoming) 2016f. \u201cThe Complex Psychology of Formal Volunteering: Testing S-Theory, as The Theory of Everyone<\/em>, on Russian National Sample Interview Data.\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, Dept. of Sociology, unpublished paper submitted for editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., with Sarah Dury, John Mohan, Robert A. Stebbins. (in press) 2016. \u201cVolunteering as Related to Other Leisure Activities.\u201d Chapter 5 in Palgrave Handbook of Volunteering, Civic Participation, and Nonprofit Associations<\/em>, edited by D.H. Smith, R. A. Stebbins, and J. Grotz. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., with Sharon Eng and Kelly Albertson. 2016 (in press). \u201cThe Darker Side of Philanthropy: How Self-Interest and Incompetence Can Overcome a Love of Mankind and Serving the Public Interest.\u201d Pp. 273-286 in Tobias Jung, Susan Phillips, and Jenny Harrow, eds. The Routledge Companion to Philanthropy. <\/em>London, UK: Routledge.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., Boguslawa Sardinha, Alisa Moldavanova, Hsiang-Kai Dennis Dong, Meenaz Kassam, Young-ioo Lee, and Aminata Sillah. (in press) 2016. \u201cConducive Motivations and Psychological Influences on Volunteering.\u201d Chapter 30 in Palgrave Handbook of Volunteering, Civic Participation, and Nonprofit Associations<\/em>, edited by D.H. Smith, R. A. Stebbins, and J. Grotz. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., with Stijn van Puyvelde. 2016 (in press). \u201cS-Theory as a Comprehensive Interdisciplinary Model of Volunteering and Pro-Social Behavior.\u201d Chapter 31 in Palgrave Handbook of Volunteering, Civic Participation, and Nonprofit Associations<\/em>, edited by D.H. Smith, R. A. Stebbins, and J. Grotz. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., and Lili Wang. (in press) 2016. \u201cConducive Social Roles and Demographics Influencing Volunteering.\u201d Chapter 28 in Palgrave Handbook of Volunteering, Civic Participation, and Nonprofit Associations<\/em>, edited by D. H. Smith, R. A. Stebbins, and J. Grotz. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., with Ting Zhao. (in press) 2016. \u201cReview and Assessment of China\u2019s Nonprofit Sector after Mao: Emerging Civil Society?\u201d Voluntaristics Review: Brill Research Perspectives <\/em>1(5).<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. and Christopher Einolf. 2016. \u201cThe Positive Relationship Among<\/p>\n

Different Individual Leisure Time Activities and Activity Domains: Evidence from Three U.S. Representative National Sample Surveys for a Leisure General Activity Pattern\/LGAP.\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, Department of Sociology, unpublished paper submitted for editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., and Irina Mersianova. 2016. \u201cS-Theory as a Comprehensive Explanation of Informal Volunteering: Testing a Theory of Everyone on Russian National Sample Interview Data.\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, Department of Sociology, Unpublished paper submitted for editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. and John P. Robinson. 2016. \u201cEvidence from Two U.S. Representative National Sample Surveys for Empirical Clustering among Different Leisure Activities in a Leisure General Activity Pattern\/LGAP.\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, Department of Sociology, unpublished paper submitted for editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H., and John P. Robinson. 2016. \u00a0\u201cData Contradicting Putnam\u2019s Two Participation Decline Theses: Recent Volunteering and Membership Rates and Trends in North America and Elsewhere.\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Department of Sociology, Boston College, unpublished paper submitted for editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 (forthcoming) 2016. \u201cCivil Society in the USA: A Research-Based Overview of Key Aspects.\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Department of Sociology, Boston College, unpublished paper submitted for editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 (forthcoming) 2016. \u201cDeterminants of the Leisure General Activity Pattern (LGAP) in Russia: Confirmation of the Role of the Active-Effective Character Trait Complex as an Influence.\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Dept. of Sociology, Unpublished paper submitted for editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. (forthcoming) 2016.\u00a0 \u201cLeisure Deep Structure Theory: Leisure Activities and the Leisure General Activity Pattern.\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Department of Sociology, Boston College, unpublished paper submitted for editorial review.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Smith, David H.\u00a0 (forthcoming) 2016. \u201cDemocracy in America 180 Years after De Tocqueville: Old and New Types of Citizen Participation in Local Government.\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Department of Sociology, Boston College, unpublished paper submitted for editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2016. \u201cIntegrating Theories of Behavior in Order to Develop a More Comprehensive and Interdisciplinary Paradigm.\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, Department of Sociology, Unpublished paper submitted for editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2016.\u00a0 \u201cFive Analytical Types of Volunteering: History, Conflation-Ignorance, Distinctiveness, and Interrelationships.\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, Dept. of Sociology, unpublished paper.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. (forthcoming) 2016. \u201cFour Global Associational Revolutions: Explaining Their Causes and Setting Straight the Socio-Historical Record.\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, Dept. of Sociology, unpublished paper submitted for editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2016.\u00a0 \u201cThe History of Volunteer Service Programs: A Quiet Revolution in the Nonprofit Voluntary Sector.\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, Dept. of Sociology, unpublished paper under editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2016. \u201cDeveloping an Empirically-Supported Theory about the Ideologies of Deviant Nonprofit Groups: Exploration of the Dark Side of Civil Society.\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, Department of Sociology, Unpublished paper under editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2016. \u201cDeveloping an Empirically-Supported Theory about Joining and Membership in Deviant Nonprofit Groups: Exploration of the Dark Side of the Voluntary Sector.\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, Department of Sociology, Unpublished paper under editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2016. “Developing an Empirically-Supported Theory About the Origins Phase of Deviant Nonprofit Groups: Exploration of the Dark Side of the Nonprofit Sector.” Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, Department of Sociology, Unpublished paper under editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2016. \u201cDeveloping an Empirically-Supported Theory about the Structure and Leadership in Deviant Nonprofit Groups: Exploration of the Dark Side of the Third Sector.\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, Department of Sociology, Unpublished paper under editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. 2016. \u201cMaterial vs. Personal Resource Attraction Systems in Local, All-Volunteer, Membership Groups (Grassroots Associations).\u201d Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, Department of Sociology, Unpublished paper under editorial review.<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. (forthcoming) 2017. \u201cThe Global, Historical and Contemporary Impacts of Voluntary Membership Associations on Human Societies.\u201d Voluntaristics Review: Brill Research Perspectives <\/em>2(2).<\/p>\n

Smith, David H. (forthcoming) 2017.\u00a0 \u201cA Survey of Major Bases of Human Social Solidarity and Pro-Sociality:<\/p>\n

Expanding the Scope of R<\/p>\n

\"\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0631<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

About Prof. David Smith\u00a0 \u0639\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629\u00a0 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 ARNOVA \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a. \u0645\u0646 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":3382,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-7"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t